最近读哲设计系列震害调查，让我越来越清晰地认识到几点，仅个人观点，与君分享。
- 抗震设计不能存侥幸心理，因为世间存在墨菲定律，如果事情有变坏的可能，不管这种可能性有多小，它总会发生。
- 基于力的设计虽然理论上明确，但没有明确屈服后的行为，这使得是脆性破坏还是延性破坏不得而知。
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真实地震力是不确定的，且是不符合我们计算假定的，我们所认为的理论和规律都只是人为确定，某些理论可能存在较大风险。
图| 实践中的情况往往复杂，特别是进行复杂结构设计时 -
概念设计和构造设计，看似拍脑袋，实则保证了抗震设计的底线，相比计算而言，是更应该认真去做的工作。规范之外的一些结构体系，该如何进行构造和概念设计，最能体现结构工程师的业务水平和能力。
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我们规范中某些条款，用词无懈可击，却又好像什么都没说，正如如今很火的废话文学。当然说了，总比没说好，因为还有一些条文需要总工拍脑袋才知道怎么去做。
图| 搞笑的废话文学语录 -
越先进的技术，越可能被滥用或利用不当。譬如隔震等技术，如果不真正掌握这一技术就去使用，则隔震层可能变薄弱层，反而不如传统抗震设计。
Recent investigations into seismic damage cases have gradually clarified several key points for me. These are purely personal perspectives, shared here for discussion.
1 No侥幸 in Seismic Design
Seismic design must avoid complacency due to Murphy’s Law – if something can go wrong, it will.
Figure | Probability curves of different earthquake events
2 Force-Based Design Limitations
While force-based design has clear theoretical foundations, it fails to define post-yield behavior, leaving uncertainty between brittle and ductile failure modes.
Figure | For coupling beams (US code example), both end moment hinges and mid-span shear hinges should be defined. As energy-dissipating components, do we prioritize shear or flexural failure? This aspect often gets overlooked.
3 Uncertainty in Real Seismic Forces
Actual seismic forces are uncertain and often defy calculation assumptions. What we consider theoretical laws are merely human-defined constructs that may carry significant risks.
Figure | Reality is often complex, especially in complex structural design
4 Importance of Conceptual & Detailing Design
Conceptual and detailing design – seemingly arbitrary – actually guarantee the minimum seismic safety baseline. Compared to computational analysis, these aspects deserve more rigorous attention. For unconventional structural systems beyond code provisions, conceptual and detailing design most clearly demonstrate a structural engineer’s expertise.
5 Vague Code Provisions
Some code provisions, while grammatically flawless, often lack practical guidance. Like modern “nonsense literature”, they say something while saying nothing. Still, having them is better than nothing, as certain clauses still require chief engineers’ judgment calls.
Figure | Funny examples of nonsensical statements
6 Risk of Advanced Technologies
More advanced technologies (e.g., base isolation systems) are more prone to misuse. Without proper understanding, isolation layers might become weak layers, potentially performing worse than traditional seismic design.
Parametric Modeling
- Understanding C# Components in Grasshopper (with source code)
- How to Develop Grasshopper Plugins (with source code)
- Rhino.Python Scripting Learning Notes #1
Structural Programming
- OpenSEES Auto-Processor Program AutoOS
- Automatic Seismic Report Generator 2022 Demo
- Exploring Structural Software APIs
- ETABS Wall Segment Numbering Plugin Demo
- Abaqus Shear Wall Hysteresis Simulation (Python Source)
Architectural Masters
- I. M. Pei’s Light & Shadow Legacy
- Le Corbusier’s Modernism
- Oscar Niemeyer’s Curves & Women
- Zaha Hadid: Curves of Legend
Structural Masters
- High-Rise Design: Structure as Architecture (Part 1)
- High-Rise Design: Structure as Architecture (Part 2)
- High-Rise Design: Structure as Architecture (Part 3)
- Seismic Performance Design Master Graham H. Powell Lecture (Part 1)
- Seismic Performance Design Master Graham H. Powell Lecture (Part 2)
- Seismic Design of Super High-Rises by Prof. Jack Moehle